在微博上或者一些真正是亲美派的言论中,经常看到有人说:美国人想是什么党就是什么党,也没有入党的繁琐,想退党就退党,非常自由。我想说,yes and no。确实是自由。在注册投票的时候,有一个选项,是民主党或者共和党,或者无党派(我觉得这个对其他党派其实有点歧视,因为没有见到有填写其他党派名称的地方,也许就是今年注册表格这样?非公民表示不明。)很是自由,想说是什么党就是什么党。而再次同时,美国人对自己的党性划分却又是极其极其严肃的。我倒是听说有些人时常今天说自己是这个教,明天说自己那个教的,但是很少听说有人说今天是这个党,明天是那个党的。每个人其实对自己是什么党或者不是什么党很serious。在08年我因为说了奥巴马几句好话,我和两个朋友坐在一起,一个熟一点的朋友就告诉另一人说“她是民主党”。我当时非常生气,因为我没有认为自己是民主党。(当然我还不是公民呢!)。后来这个朋友也专门跟我道歉。当然了平时开玩笑归开玩笑,如果正儿八经的把我label成一个党派,而且label错了,我觉得后果很严重。你试试去喊人家死心共和党人士喊成民主党?或者反之?有的人甚至因为这个会失去脾气大闹一场。所以,在美国这个号称自由国度里,我倒是觉得谈起政治反而要小心。怕的不是某个专政来找你麻烦,而是如何在完全的表述自己的政见的时候对持别的政见的人表示尊重。因为每个人都有讲话的权力,但是我个人觉得没有侮辱对方的权利。
2. 保守派和自由派
书里提到,在美国生活很久以后,不用问人家,光看一个人的言行,就可以看出保守派和自由派,有时候光看着一个人的样子就能看出来。这个我倒是真的赞同。(不过不要以为保守派就是很保守,自由派就是很自由,跟穿衣服保守不保守没有什么直接关系,well, could be a factor though)。我印象中,人群大概分为极端保守/自由派,保守/自由派,保守的自由派,和自由的保守派,另外还有中间派。其实真正的中间派我遇到的比较少,大部分都是以上一些。中间派和保守的自由派,和自由的保守派显然是不同的。我自己当然也是其中一个派别,对比书中所描述的,反观自身,不由的笑出声来,还真是描写的恰当。似乎是看到星座描述,说”哎,还真的有点儿准“。当然这种就跟星座一样(i believe比星座准),能描述整个群体特征,有时候一个人明明是保守派但是看起来很像自由派所以误判的事情也屡有发生。派别和党性没有直接的一是一的联系,但是有很大挂钩。所以这个和党性一样,还真不是你宣布自己是保守派就是保守派的事情,还真是你是什么人就是什么人,尤其是成人,思想难以一下子完全改变,所以还真不是”随便说自己是什么就是什么“的事情。相对某党千万党员,是否真的都是跟该党”一条心“来说,在美国,这样的党性在松散的组织中倒是体现了有趣的思想统一性。
来自: 豆瓣作者: 知客僧 时间: 2013-4-18 09:51
If there’s anyone out there who still questions America’s democracy, today is your answer.
This book mainly depicts America’s political system at length. Many typical examples are raised such as Nixon's Watergate Affair and Clinton's presidential election, which revealed the restrictions imposed on the administration branch of the government, especially its leader--the president.
Such a fantastic book enables me to find a true America, a marvelous America, an America so different from what I’ve learnt from our textbooks which read "America is a country suppressing the multitude on behalf of the interest of the capitalists ". That the government of the people, by the people, for the people is not an empty talk; that the check and balance—separation of Administration, legislation, justice--is not a bad thing.
Weaknesses of human nature--mainly characterized by selfishness, greed, fear, envy--have never changed since the Genesis. A good political system can prevent a bad man in power from doing wrong, but a bad system can drive a good one to the dark and desolate valley of crime.
Media, widely recognized as the fourth power, has a remarkable influence on the politics. In a democratic society, as I see, the media including but not limited to the Internet, newspaper, TV should not be regulated and even censored by the government. Thomas Jefferson--the third president of United States, revered as the father of the Declaration of Independence--once left a famous adage--The basis of our governments being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right; and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. However, this is not forgotten by America and , learnt by China.
Democracy is powerful and fragile at the same time. If the military and Administration suppress the Congress in collaboration, the democratic system would be at stake. That's why the national conspiracy theory has prevailed America since the Watergate Affair.
So I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day we Chinese can truly establish a democratic system as America does; I have a dream that one day, an average civilian will not be persecuted and sent to the madhouse as a result of expressing legitimate discontent or dissidence of political belief; I have a dream that one day, the philosophy advocated by Han, Lian will become the mainstream of Chinese ethos; I have a dream that one day, when a figure like Jackie Chen said something unwise, the netizens can make up their own judgements. I believe the glory of god will one day again sprinkle this sacred forever-land; I believe we Chinese, not the Jews, are the chosen ones of god almighty. I’ll never think of this but burning blood is in my veins.
PS: I don’t mean to write in English, but there are too many sensitive words, which makes me fear whether it can survive the strict censorship.
Thank you all!
Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten,
habe ich geschwiegen;
ich war ja kein Kommunist.
Als sie die Sozialdemokraten einsperrten,
habe ich geschwiegen;
ich war ja kein Sozialdemokrat.
Als sie die Gewerkschafter holten,
habe ich nicht protestiert;
ich war ja kein Gewerkschafter.
Als sie mich holten,
gab es keinen mehr, der protestieren konnte.
奥巴马的高歌雄进,不禁令人思考现代民主和演说煽情的关系。一方面,在现代社会庞大的官僚体系面前,民众都渴望魅力型领袖给国家机器一个人性化的“界面”,所以善于煽情、令人激动的政治家往往是激活公共生活的一把钥匙。但另一方面,煽情又容易淹没人们对问题理性公正的思考。韦伯曾说:“与民众缺乏距离,是政治家最致命的邪恶之一”——对,他说的是“缺乏距离”,而不是“保持距离”,因为一定的距离为冷静思考提供空间。一个政治家站在演讲台上,面临的不是一个个可以协商辩论的人,而是一片黑压压的“群众”,群众的情绪不但具有传染性,而且会自我强化。当奥巴马用渐进的声调甩出一串串“Yes, we can change……”的排比句时,他不是在理论,而是在催眠,台下热血沸腾的群众恐怕也早已融化在集体的汪洋大海里,无心去条分缕析他的许诺、考察细节里的魔鬼了。